Knowledge is a philosophical concept defined by Plato as a belief supported by an account or an explanation (Blair, 2002). Under the context of knowledge-view of an organization, the definition suggests that knowledge comes from firm’s increased ability to make use and sense of available information to create value for the shareholders (Leiponen, 2006). There has been a significant growth in the knowledge-based school of thought, which suggests that generating and retention of knowledge can have positive effects on the firm’s performance (Di Mattia & Scott, 1999). To manage this intangible asset to leverage firms for benefits is considered to be its core capability. Knowledge management (KM) has been aimed at capturing, integrating and using existing organizational knowledge and consequently creating a knowledge asset that can be a source of sustained competitive advantage in the long run (Brooking, 1999; Havens & Knapp, 1999). The revolution in the KM came with the rise of technology and there has been a misconception of linking IT with KM although it just facilitates the process (Papers4you.com, 2006).

The literature has divided knowledge into two major categories depending upon its nature to be codified for the use in a KM system. The structured and systematic knowledge that can be described in formal language and easily communicated and shared through formal means qualify for the explicit knowledge type (Elizabeth, 2001). It has been established that such knowledge is easy to codify in the form of databases and is seen as a base resource because of its inherent nature of easy imitation by other organizations. The other form of knowledge which has gained tremendous importance is the automatic collective behavior and is called tacit knowledge (Richard et al, 2001). Tacit knowledge, according to Sajjad et al (2005), comprises of mental models, values, beliefs, assumptions and perceptions which are deeply entranced into the intellectual capital of an organization. It has been suggested that tacit knowledge is faced with an apparent dichotomy i.e. the feature of inimitability that make it a source of sustained competitive advantage also makes it hard to capture and share within the organization to gain the potential benefits.

Therefore it can be concluded that the elusive asset of knowledge, where provides an organization with capability to undermine competition also proves to be a challenge to leverage itself (Papers4you.com, 2006). Any organization should not only look at the ‘best practices’ in the field but should customize each approach to its own unique culture and requirements to be able to successfully use KM.

References:

Blair, D.C. (2002), “Knowledge management: hype, hope, or help?”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 53(12), 1019-1028

BROOKING, Annie (1999), “Corporate Memory: Strategies for Knowledge Management”, Intellectual Capital Series London: International Thomson Business

Di Mattia, S. & Scott, I. A. (1999), “KM: hope, hype or harbinger?”, Library Journal, 15 September, 122(15), p. 33

Elizabeth A. Smith, (2001), “The role of tacit and explicit knowledge in the workplace”, Journal of Knowledge Management; Volume: 5 Issue: 4; 2001 Research Paper

Havens, C. & Knapp, E. (1999), “Easing into Knowledge Management, Strategy and Leadership”, 27(2), p. 4

Leiponen, Aija (2006), “Managing Knowledge for Innovation: The Case of Business-to-Business Services”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, May2006, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p238-258

Papers For You (2006) “P/M/440. Tools of knowledge management”, Available from http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/sprtmgt8.htm [22/06/2006]

Papers For You (2006) “P/M/325. Knowledge management: definition of the concept”, Available from Papers4you.com [21/06/2006]

Richard T. Herschel, Hamid Nemati, David Steiger (2001), “Tacit to explicit knowledge conversion: knowledge exchange protocols”, Journal of Knowledge Management; Volume: 5 Issue: 1; 2001 Research paper

Sajjad M. Jasimuddin, Jonathan H. Klein, Con Connell (2005), “The paradox of using tacit and explicit knowledge: Strategies to face dilemmas”, Management Decision; Volume: 43 Issue: 1; 2005 Conceptual paper

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Lotus Knowledge Management … Lotus Notes Domino IBM

Help answer the question about Knowledge Management

What is the difference between knowledge management and knowledge based management.?
Knowledge Management, then, is the process of transforming INFORMATION and INTELLECTUAL ASSETS into enduring VALUE.Knowledge Management involves connecting people with people and people with information. Unlike Information, Knowledge is not just a “thing” to be “managed”. It is a Capacity – of people and communities – to continuously generate and renew themselves to meet new challenges and opportunities; it is the collective knowledge of the organization.
Ok this was all about knowledge management now can u please distinguish it from knowledge based management.

About Author

Copyright © 2006 Verena Veneeva. Professional Writer working for http://www.coursework4you.co.uk

Knowledge is also available to a company in the form of news articles, journals, relevant publications, and documentation. Many times this knowledge is crucial in the successful running of the company. Without many types of knowledge such as statistics, reports, white papers, and specific industry information many companies would lose out on a serious advantage that can push them over the top when it comes to their competition. Knowledge management is a great tool that any company can implement and that will increase their success and profit potential.

There are many knowledge management tools that are available for companies to use. Knowledge management software will help a company to organize and collate the information that is relevant to the interests of the company. Once all this information is stored in one database it becomes a great tool for all employees to use.

“We are living in the information age… The information explosion…” We have heard it so many times that have stopped paying any attention to it. However, information penetrates into every aspect of our lives. We are constantly trying to acquire new knowledge and looking for opportunities to benefit from it.

Users who actively work with documents and information, frequently face the problems related to search, organization and efficient use of documents. Copyeditors, writers, journalists, researchers, analysts, consultants, lawyers, medical workers, students, all run into the same challenges at home and at work.

This paper is intended for a wide range of people, who, for personal or business need, work with a large number of documents and other information. We take a close look at the problems of information management, benefits of using advanced technologies in the low-budget personal information management system, as well as system selection criteria to meet personal and professional needs of information workers.

Challenges of Document Management

Nowadays big part of information is stored in a form of text: books, articles, reports, memo, notes, specifications, descriptions, whitepapers, and manuals, not to mention a huge amount of time sensitive information, such as invoices, bank statements, schedules, contracts, and tax returns.

Yesterday, papers, photo albums, music disks, and video tapes were kept in drawers, boxes, and cabinets. But the development of personal computers and Internet has started the era of digital information.

Development of electronic formats has significantly increased system storage capacity and allowed accumulation of large information volumes. However, recent developments in the fields of computer systems and data storage have led to a new question: how can we effectively manage digital information?

Recent studies by IDC (Susan Feldman, Joshua Duhl, Julie Rahal Marobella, Alison Crawford. The Hidden Costs of Information Work. March 2005) revealed that on average 13 hours of every 40-hour work week are spent on creating documents. 9.5 hours per week are spent on searching for information, while almost 9.6 hours on analyzing the information. 6.5 hours are wasted on searching for information that is never found leading to the need to recreate the content. Formatting of information between different applications takes about 3.8 hours per week, whereas version control related issues take 2.2 hours.

Issues, effects and implications of information management are summarized in the following Figure.

Issues

Slow search
Search without desired results
Redundant search
Recreation of documents
Difficulty of use of the found information

Effects

Employer
Unplanned for wasted time
Work slowdown
Decrease in productivity
Decline in quality

Employee
Increased workload
Negative attitude towards work
Decline in the level of satisfaction from the job

Implications

Missed deadlines
Project failure
Lost revenue
Loss of employee

Figure 1: Issues, effects and implications of information management

* What is the best way to organize the information to find it faster in the future?
* How to easily find information inside of large volume of materials?
* How to find documents that are related?
* How to save the search results and view them in the future?
* How to share found information with colleagues and friends?
* How to effectively use found information?

Importance and significance of those problems are major factors that stimulate the development of new solutions and information management systems. Information Retrieval, Data and Knowledge Bases, Document & Content Management, to name a few, are the branches of information technologies that deal with the problems of information management.

Solutions to Document Management Problems

Solutions to document management problems are tightly linked to the following challenges: improving the efficiency of information access, improving quality and speed of search, improving the efficiency of information processing, improving reliability and safety of storage.

Efficient Access to Information

It is necessary to quickly and easily extract the text documents which meet certain criteria from an array of available information. These requirements are diverse and constantly changing. For example, original sources for articles, data for reports, textbooks to prepare for the exam, patient’s medical records, or precedents for court case – all have high, but temporary value to resolve the pressing challenges.

After finding the required documents, working through them, and creating a number of versions, the user will need to consolidate and store the results. For example, one may need to save a set of documents, or add comments to a set of documents for future use. One possible solution to meet the changing needs is to place a document in several groups. A group could consist of documents on certain topic, papers of the same author, articles of the same journal issue, previous versions of the article, or materials used to write an article.

Searching and organizing information in a meaningful way takes up a lot of time. To shorten the cycle and make a process more enjoyable, a number of solutions have been proposed.

Quality and Speed of Search

In some cases users can find the documents they need by using a query – a word or combination of words that might be in those documents.

In the past, search required scanning of all files on the computer drives and going through their content comparing the key words with words in the document. This called for the sequential scanning of all files for each request. But increased size and number of files have dramatically slowed down the search process. In addition, morphology was neglected and multiple queries were needed to find the document.

Best solutions for effective search of information are based on search engines and information retrieval technologies. The entire collection of files is pre-processed and the information about the documents and key words is stored in the index files. Indexing works for various file formats and takes into account all possible forms of the same word. This “smart” pre-processing mechanism significantly accelerates the search and improves its quality.

Organization

In many cases the user is unaware of the words contained in the document of interest. It’s also possible that the user is not able to generate a query that returns desired outcomes, or the number of documents is too large, or some documents may not contain the right words. In these scenarios the user has no choice but manually look for a desired document. To save the results of manual search, many use the systems designed specifically for organizing the information.

Simplified versions of organization systems use fields and registration cards to link the documents and accompanying information (date, author, title, a brief description, etc.) However, field sets are fixed and limited, and often do not allow grouping of the documents to accommodate changing needs of the users.

Enhanced systems use a hierarchy of folders (catalogs, or directories). However, in most cases, when a document belongs to multiple topics, the user may end up facing several problems. For example, in the hierarchy of file system folders, a document can not be assigned to several folders without duplication. In this case, duplication may result in an unnecessary increase of information volume as well as inconsistencies in content after one of the documents has been modified.

Top notch tools to organize the information use multiple hierarchical categorizations which came from the domain of knowledge bases and ontologies.

Version Control

Authoring of a complex document is a long process and requires many edits, corrections and rewritings. To avoid confusion, it is necessary to maintain a history of changes in the document. The old-fashion solution was to save the changes in the separate file with a unique name, which often resulted in lost files, more storage space as well as difficulties in finding the right version of the document. These and other problems related to tracking the history of the content, storing different versions of the document, and returning to its previous versions have been addressed by the invention of the versioning systems. These systems are designed to provide access to the previous versions and history of changes.

Figure 2: Authoring a document

Effective Work with Information

Search, organization, and version control, by themselves, significantly simplify the process. But till now, most of these functions were only provided by separate software tools. The first program implements search. The second program organizes information. The third program edits it. The fourth program keeps version history. And so on.

A user has to run multiple applications, toggle between them, import and export documents, and move and copy the files. This process dramatically slows down the work, decreases productivity, increases pressure, and therefore leads to mistakes and reduces work satisfaction.

To eliminate unnecessary labor and reduce the amount of wasted time, one needs an integrated solution that combines search, editing and version control functionality.

Privacy, Security and Reliability of Storage

It goes without saying that information is a valuable resource that is expensive to produce. It is necessary to not only provide a safe storage for the entire set of documents, but also protect valuable information from computer hardware and software failures, as well as human errors. In addition, the confidentiality of information should be preserved – unauthorized users should not have access to the information without the permissions from the owner. However, if necessary, the results of the work have to be publishable to third parties.

Earlier applications stored files on the secure computers in a folder structure. Individual users had access to specific folders, which required a complex access rights management policy. Thus the information was often duplicated on the users’ computers, causing many problems related to information relevance.

To address the above mentioned problems, modern document management systems store information in centralized repositories, which make it easy to store, retrieve, manipulate and modify documents. Advanced repositories support storage and processing of multiple documents and file formats including, but not limited to: text (Word, Acrobat, Open Office, etc.), spreadsheet, fax, e-mail, audio, and images.

Documents, images and other information stored in the electronic repository are easily accessible and retrievable. The losses associated with errors in streamlining, organizing, and placing of the documents are drastically reduced and possibly even eliminated. In addition, each document keeps not only a history of who viewed it, made changes and what changes were made, but also other information about the document, such as title, contents, themes, etc.

Valuable Benefits of Document Management Systems

Thus, state-of-the-art information and document management systems
* reduce information processing time (multi-category systems allow for fast categorization of the incoming information and re-organization of existing information)
* reduce the time required to access the information (full-text search tools and category system, history and version control provide an easy and quick way to find information)
* reduce the time required to create a document (integration of search, organization, modification and version control features in a single platform allow the user to work on new and existing documents in a more effective manner)
* eliminate the cases of lost data (electronic repositories automatically capture all document changes and allow the user to restore the history of changes)

By leveraging a wide range of features provided by information management tools, one may free up the time normally spent on unnecessary tasks and focus on more important activities. As a result, the use of information management systems increases the quality of work.

Criteria for Selecting the Right Document and Information Management System

Flexible categorization: The system must support the categorization of documents to meet specific requirements of the user. To do that, the system should include the following features:
* Flexible categorization (user should be able to create any categories or topics and place the documents there)
* Hierarchical categorization (high level topics that consist of more specific topics)
* Multiple categorization (the same document might be included in several topics, categories or groups of documents)
* Ability to merge related files in a package
Flexible grouping that keeps the history of the results simplifies future access to documents inside of assigned topics, and allows one to see the relationships between documents found in one category.

Powerful search tools: The system should be able to perform a full-text search of information by query which contains individual terms or phrases. The search feature should
* be fast, which implies indexing
* support full-text search for all common formats – pdf, doc, odt, etc.
* take into an account the differences in spelling of various grammatical forms of the words
* work with individual repositories, categories and themes (topics)
The above mentioned features allow the user to effectively query the documents, provide a fast access to desirable documents, and make it possible to work on documents that have not yet been classified.

Central repository: The system should be able to store information in a centralized repository that allows:
* storing high volumes of documents
* creation of multiple personal repositories
* protection of confidential information
Documents in the system should not be viewable by other applications. Only the owner of the information should be able to grant the access to the repository. Repositories not only eliminate the need to manually create the files and directories, but they also restrict access to information, tighten security and improve reliability by providing backup, recovery and data protection tools.

Composite documents: The system should be able to work with the collection of files as a single unit, allowing the user to make changes to the set of documents. This functionality helps to improve usability and makes it easier to work with documents that consist of multiple files – for example, html documents with pictures.

Figure 3: Composite document

Document registration cards: The system should support the functionality of attaching useful information, such as name, purpose, abstract, comments, author, date of creation and modification, etc. to the document or file. This type of information helps to increase the accessibility of the documents. The information about the document should be flexible enough to adapt to the needs of the user and the information unit type.

Supported file types: The system should be able to support a wide range of common document types and formats, including Microsoft Office (Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, etc.), Open Office, as well as the formats of scanned documents and images.

Versioning system: The system should be able to support multiple versions of the document, track history and changes in chronological order – who, when, why modified the document and which changes were made. If needed, this functionality enables the user to work on one of the previous versions of the document.

Navigation history: The system should record the sequence of events describing the steps the user took while working on the documents and have that information available to the user at any given time.

Easy-to-use interface: The system should provide a user-friendly interface that includes intuitive navigation as well as the panels displaying categories, history, versions, and search results. All of these will dramatically enhance user experience and therefore increase user satisfaction.

Modern technology and open architecture: The system should be built using the latest technologies. The architecture should be
* scalable – support an unlimited number of repositories, documents stored in a
* repository, categories and their levels, as well as a fast search through unlimited amount of information
* modular and expandable – provide a foundation for rapid development and fast delivery of new features requested by the users
* cross-platform – compatible with Windows, Linux, and MacOS operating systems
This allows the system to grow organically and reduce the time to deliver the new features to meet growing user needs.

Integrated solution: The user’s objective is an effective execution of her or his work. To accomplish this goal the user has to go through repetitive cycles of work with information and documents. These cycles may include:
* Gathering of the information for a document
* Analyzing information
* Creating the outline and the first draft of the document
* Placing the document to the repository
* Making changes to the document
* Preparing the document for future use
* Searching for other materials that will be used in a new version of the document
These phases are executed repeatedly to improve the quality of the document, bringing it to the desired results. A good system should be able to integrate the above mentioned features so that the user can complete the sequence of document development tasks in a single system. This implements agile document management.

Low cost of the ownership: Adoption of a document management system can save any organization millions of dollars. At the same time, the scale and broad functionality of corporate systems leads to the high cost of ownership unaffordable for personal users. It’s also important to note that a user might not need all the features available in a corporate system and therefore will only get overwhelmed by its complexity. The cost of a personal information management system should be low, but at the same time it has to provide the right set of features to match the needs of individual user. The system should be easy to install and run on any personal computer.

Artifact Manager

Artifact Manager is an advanced document and information management system. This simple, convenient, low-budget solution has all of the features of the enterprise information management system that helps to achieve higher productivity levels through a better management of personal documents and information.

Required Features Artifact Manager
* Flexible categorization Yes
* Powerful search tools Yes
* Centalized repository Yes
* Composite documents Yes
* Document metadata Yes
* Wide range of file types Yes
* Version control Yes
* History Yes
* User-friendly interface Yes
* Modern technology and architecture Yes
* Integrated soluton Yes
* Low-cost ownership Yes

Figure 4: Features of Artifact Manager

Artifact Manager is the first enterprise-class personal platform for document and information management. It combines a powerful search, flexible organization, reliable storage, and convenient interface in a single easy-to-use environment.

Download Artifact Manager now at

http://www.ArtifactManager.com/downloads.html

No obligation of buying, no cumbersome registration, no spam

http://www.artifactmanager.com/papers/ArtifactManager_Organize-n-Search.pdf

Watch the video related to Knowledge Management

www.novamind.com Mind Mapping expert Gideon King demonstrates how to use Mind Maps for knowledge management.

Help answer the question about Knowledge Management

Customer Care: Who knows about Information Management interation with Training and Knowledge Management?
Im setting up a Project focusing on improvments in the part of Information- and Knowledge Management for the 1600 Callcenter Agents. Im searching for benchmarks and references of companies that have an information management (based on a portal solution?) that is integrated with the companies knwolegde management ant the training management. Im interested to see which mix of changes in the area of processes, it-systemes and organisation you made to get a low first contact resolution rate at technically dificult questions and low skilled employees (nice combination isn’t it?).

About Author

Artifact Manager delivers an innovative solution to organize, search and keep safe and under control your documents and personal information. It combines state-of-the-art search and organization technologies to save your time and boost productivity. http://artifactmanager.com/whitepapers.html

One of the basic problems in many of organizations and institutes is that, there are not enough information about personals knowledge and awareness. Knowledge management includes the most important means for resolving this problem by focusing on the alternatives for organizing , human forces and technology knowing the nature and importance of the knowledge and knowledge management in the organization completely to plan a knowledge management system or promoting its level in an organization is necessary. Also its necessary organizations success basic and approach for making balance among these items are attended specially by recognizing items and their functions indirect of accessing basic advantages in result of using knowledge management in the organization. So far 26 models about knowledge management were presented by different scientist sand institutes that most of them are similar to each other in terms of content but they include different orders in the words and phases. Nonaka and takouchi model is one of the best models among these models interms of explaining how producing knowledge that is was selected Materials and Methods:this study is Cross-sectional. for Analyzing challenges and blocks in the organization. At first nonaka model was divided sports for making questions for question air according to the studies and Analyzing main concepts in the structure of knowledge management and also studying suggested models. Then possible important parameters for promoting knowledge level in that part were made and finally selected parameters and alternatives were changed to the questions for questionnaire that its result was producing and questionnaires for each part. Questionnaires were given managers and people who were known as elits and specialist by the researching society for Analyzing their validity, so they were analyzed for resolving problems and matching with suggested model. Finally the questions in the questionnaire were evaluated by kokran test suitably and samely. Then the questionnaires were distributed among selected center personals and determining their views about the present center situation (according likert spectrum) were asked them. (in fact determining the value of the questions were asked them). In next step explaining the effect of these questions on promoting knowledge level of the center were asked them (in fact determining the value of the questions). Then the average value of each question was accounted and standardized after accounting the number (advantage) of the center and each level of nonaka model divisions , the value of the questions in the questionnaire are determined for accepting and determining the level of center knowledge suitably with each part of the model.

Discussion: Analyzing data (the answers of the questions in the questionnaire) shows that the advantage of the center related to the knowledge management is 2.77 in other ward the general center situation interms of centralizing knowledge and profiting the capital of the knowledge is less than average (between middle and weak).
Finally , they were sent again to the professional and people who have a hand in the society for Analyzing validity of the results and determining distinction about produced challenges and problems in order of their level of importance were asked them and these peoples views were analyzed by using (feridman) test. According to the obtained advantages by the organization and the list of the tabled problems in the organization, it seems that the organization needs to do some projects and knowledge under structures in the organization basically. These under structures include both human sources as the most important part and technologic equipments. On the other the organization should include suitable cultural programs for younger and in experienced people to recognize the importance of the knowledge factors as unimportant organizational capital. Also the organization managers mind should be focused on the importance of organization knowledge capital more than before by making culture.

According to gained scores by the organization and the list of expressed problems in the organization it seems the organization needs to per form projects and the knowledge infra structures .these infrastructures in clued both human sources as most important part and technologic facilities.

There is n t enough knowledge and wisdom of people in many organizations.

At first the answers of 2 questions should determine to inform the level of people s knowledge:

A/     which are the assets based on knowledge?

B/      how should manage these assets tope probable returning the maximum of interest?

Although finding suitable answer for these question in dependent on the type, the current culture and needs of the organization, but efficient knowledge management in clubs best of means for this by concentrating on all the solutions in cloud in organization. In fact the functions of knowledge management is observer to the systematic acts that it makes possible to achieve to the maximum out put, effective and permanent knowledge. Of course it needs to have determined approach to a achieve a above our pose which based on creating knowledge, living knowledge and transferring knowledge and applying knowledge in the organization is defined clearly and is determined each one s relation ship in functional  Areas.

There fore we can say knowledge management is a concept in a field and it s focus on the knowledge lead to distinct it from other monumental approaches. Knowledge management is only a recurrent and recovered concept in the management subject without this focus, and discussion a bout knowledge management become far from its purpose without clear explanation about knowledge. In summary, knowledge management is the art of creating value from invisible assets or intellectual assets of organization and indeed, it is evident and systematic management of knowledge and process of creating, collecting, organizing, distributing and using respect it that includes a consciously process to produce knowledge, crediting knowledge, presenting knowledge, distributing knowledge and its usage. Complete recognition of nature and importance of knowledge and knowledge management in an organization are necessary to design a knowledge management system or increasing its level in an organization, and it s necessary special pay attention to the background and fields of success and how to interact and balance among factors to achieve affective advantages for applying knowledge management in the organization by recognizing elements and their functions. Knowledge management supports organizations to use current knowledge and created knowledge newly .this branch of knowledge was apparent in organizations business strategy as a managemental field early 1990 to response business condition changes in which often corporations have been globalized.

Before this, the approaches like TQM (comprehensive quality management) and BPR (reengineering process) were approaches, organizations used them to improve functions and manage products and producing process. Knowledge management literature was brought up by developing experts systems and DDS system (decision maker) and developing in formation technology to participate knowledge and experiences. The first generation of knowledge management was reserving and accessing information wireless nets, information processablity, automatic process systems and expert systems and searching data systems, but in second generation of knowledge management with concepts like explicit knowledge, college expert groups, content management, organizational change and systematic innovation, actually this subject have been transformed since 1997.the knowledge management subject doesn’t t have long live then any scientific and academic operation have done. In this article the current situation of knowledge management in a searching center dependent on armed forces was shown and main changes was determined. Finally the set of approaches as a model to release the challenges and in crease knowledge management in the organization were recommended.

The center managers can define and plane process lead to extract increased value from knowledge sources by designed approach model.

Knowledge management:

At first it s necessary to distinct the concepts, data, information, defined knowledge and wisdom and effective key elements in knowledge management.

Data:

A reality from a situation or a case from a special field isn’t relation ship with other cases. In other words, data are identical and abstract reality links about events and they are recorded and arranged transactions organizationally.

Information:

Means <>. In other words, data aren’t <> and <> alone, but they are a kind of <>.

There fore having relation ship and purpose is specialty of in formation.

Knowledge:

Is a perception and conception produce by experience, rationalism, direct perception and learning. People s knowledge increase and produce a new knowledge by combining everyone s knowledge with other people s when they share their knowledge. Some scientists have divided the knowledge as third category of knowledge. In designing and applying knowledge management in organizations, two dimensions of implicit and tacit knowledge have more roles, although their features and natures are different from each other. Tacit knowledge is kind of knowledge can be stated vocally and formally and included grammatical sentences, mathematical formulas explanation details, writings and etc and it is trainable formally and easily implicit knowledge is kind of knowledge that its presenting with formal tongue is difficult and it is kind of personal knowledge that it hides in person experience and includes intangible and unnoticeable like skill, experience, value system and e t c and it often produce by practicing and repeating. Implicit knowledge never record and reserve in many organizations although its nature is base on organizational operational core .implicit knowledge is absolute but tacit knowledge is base on regulation that actions conform with situations according to proper rules .implicit knowledge can be asset of experiences, skills, operational views and value and subjective system within persons that they aren’t t mentionable and they have reserved in any data bases, but its place is in human s mind and he/she operation. The most important challenge of an organization should be making balance between produced implicit knowledge by people and needed tacit knowledge to make effective communication.

It means organizational knowledge is kept by correcting organizational knowledge and keeping people s knowledge leave there. It s necessary personal and in formal interactions to transfer implicit knowledge and leading the foundations to use people different thinking approaches by culturing and providing suitable condition is organizational management responsibility.

Wisdom:

Is same usage of knowledge.

Watch the video related to Knowledge Management

Dr David Vaine of Apparently KM, PLC, gives some advice on techniques to solve the problem of knowledge sharing in organizations

Help answer the question about Knowledge Management

Which is better Master’s in Organizational Communication or Master’s in Knowledge Management?
Which is better Master’s in Organizational Communication or Master’s in Knowledge Management?!!!

They both support my previews field of study, Communication (Visual Media). So which one is better and open doors for better job position in the near future?

About Author

Dr. Hasan Rafati
Banitaba
Hosein Pourfard

There is so much information that is transmitted within a company on a daily basis that there needs to be some type of system in place to manage all this information. Knowledge management also deals with the intellectual information that is found from a multitude of resources both on the Internet, using the virtual library, and in paper form, such as white papers. This knowledge base is important for companies so that they maintain a competitive edge over the competition. Once this knowledge has been collected it doesn’t just sit there waiting for random usage, it’s shared and distributed throughout the company so that is becomes useful to employees. Many times employees will ignore a piece of data by thinking that is has nothing to do their department or their job. This is where it’s vital that a company analyze the knowledge that is incorporated into its folds though a system of knowledge management. Once this knowledge has been analyzed it is available for use by anyone with company access.

Knowledge is also available to a company in the form of news articles, journals, relevant publications, and documentation. Many times this knowledge is crucial in the successful running of the company. Without many types of knowledge such as statistics, reports, white papers, and specific industry information many companies would lose out on a serious advantage that can push them over the top when it comes to their competition. Knowledge management is a great tool that any company can implement and that will increase their success and profit potential.

There are many knowledge management tools that are available for companies to use. Knowledge management software will help a company to organize and collate the information that is relevant to the interests of the company. Once all this information is stored in one database it becomes a great tool for all employees to use.

Watch the video related to Knowledge Management

Headshift founder Lee Bryant talks about the online management of knowledge

Help answer the question about Knowledge Management

What are the problems in knowledge management other than people not sharing their knowledge?
some problems are people not sharing knowledge, not getting the right information at right time, what other problems are their that needs to be looked into? any ideas plss

Salman

About Author

James Hunt has spent 15 years as a professional writer and researcher covering stories that cover a whole spectrum of interest.

Read more at www.knowledge-management-center.com

Do you manage your time or waste it little by little?

Most of us have very little concept of just how much time we fritter away. For instance, take a quick survey of how much time during the average week that you watch TV, surf the Internet, or any other time-consuming activity that may not directly contribute toward accomplishing your most desired goals.

If you find yourself thinking you don’t have enough time to finish what must be done, much less time to productively contribute to the goals you want to accomplish, you may be overdue for a realistic time evaluation.

And now you’re thinking. ‘Take time to do a time evaluation?’ I know, if you don’t have enough time now, you certainly don’t have time to do an evaluation of your time. It’s ironic, but that is precisely when you need to take stock of your time management. Consider it an investment to gain better use of your time and to accelerate the achievement of your important goals.

Let’s look at an example of a typical time consuming indulgence. How often do you watch your favorite television shows or DVDs. Say you watch 3 one-hour shows each evening Monday through Friday, and over the weekend you view 3 to 6 hours of sports, a DVD, or some other entertaining show. If that’s the case, you have consumed 18 to 21 hours each week. That is a significant amount of time out of anyone’s week. Of course, there will also be other activities that don’t directly contribute to successfully achieving the things you really would like to accomplish.

If you are really serious about evaluating your time to see where it all goes, consider the following exercise. Track your time each day for a week in 30 or 60 minute increments. To do this right, you will have to commit to accurately documenting your activities.

Be honest as you note where your time is spent. This can be tricky, as you will certainly surprise yourself along the way. You may find it hard to admit just how much time is clearly nonproductive. It is just human nature to bounce from one activity to another without a lot of forethought.

Of course, we all have unexpected, but important things come up that require attention. Mark those down as necessary tasks.

If you adhere to this time evaluation exercise for at least one typical week, you will then learn how you are realistically spending your waking hours. You will soon develop a new perspective about your time priorities.

You may find that you actually like the way you are utilizing some of your time. But, what about the time that you discovered as being frittered away? The approach to making changes in your time planning can run from making a simple priority list each day to implementing a time management software program. Only you can decide which action will work best for you.

However, beginning with a simple approach is the best place to start. Figure out what your goals are, decide what must be done to accomplish those goals, and then breakdown the steps required to achieve the results you want. You may find that there are 3 to 4 specific tasks that must be done within a certain time frame if you are going to be successful. Those tasks become your priorities and the other daily duties simply follow behind.

The trick is to learn how to discipline yourself to adhere to the priorities you have set, and not be led astray at every turn. For someone who has difficulty managing time this will take practice. But, if you truly make a commitment to accomplishing your goals and set a time frame in which that must be completed, you will be on the right track.

With this knowledge in hand, you can now plan how you want to more productively use your future time. That is, how you will best use your time for greater efficiency, more successful results of your goals, and even how you want to respond to unexpected events or tasks.

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KMI’s Douglas Weidner concludes his presentation on Personal KM.

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Post a 350- to 700-word summary about how Financial Management enhancd your knowledge of the financial world.?
What were the most important concepts learned and how can you plan to apply them to your personal and professional life?

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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Personal Time Management – Do You Fritter Your Time Away?

Time management is basically about being focused. The Pareto Principle also known as the ’80:20 Rule’ states that 80% of efforts that are not time managed or unfocused generates only 20% of the desired output. However, 80% of the desired output can be generated using only 20% of a well time managed effort. Although the ratio ’80:20′ is only arbitrary, it is used to put emphasis on how much is lost or how much can be gained with time management.

Some people view time management as a list of rules that involves scheduling of appointments, goal settings, thorough planning, creating things to do lists and prioritizing. These are the core basics of time management that should be understood to develop an efficient personal time management skill. These basic skills can be fine tuned further to include the finer points of each skill that can give you that extra reserve to make the results you desire.

But there is more skills involved in time management than the core basics. Skills such as decision making, inherent abilities such as emotional intelligence and critical thinking are also essential to your personal growth.

Personal time management involves everything you do. No matter how big and no matter how small, everything counts. Each new knowledge you acquire, each new advice you consider, each new skill you develop should be taken into consideration.

Having a balanced life-style should be the key result in having personal time management. This is the main aspect that many practitioners of personal time management fail to grasp.

Time management is about getting results, not about being busy.

The six areas that personal time management seeks to improve in anyone’s life are physical, intellectual, social, career, emotional and spiritual.

The physical aspect involves having a healthy body, less stress and fatigue.

The intellectual aspect involves learning and other mental growth activities.

The social aspect involves developing personal or intimate relations and being an active contributor to society.

The career aspect involves school and work.

The emotional aspect involves appropriate feelings and desires and manifesting them.

The spiritual aspect involves a personal quest for meaning.

Thoroughly planning and having a set of things to do list for each of the key areas may not be very practical, but determining which area in your life is not being giving enough attention is part of time management. Each area creates the whole you, if you are ignoring one area then you are ignoring an important part of yourself.

Personal time management should not be so daunting a task. It is a very sensible and reasonable approach in solving problems big or small.

A great way of learning time management and improving your personal life is to follow several basic activities.

One of them is to review your goals whether it be immediate or long-term goals often.

A way to do this is to keep a list that is always accessible to you.

Always determine which task is necessary or not necessary in achieving your goals and which activities are helping you maintain a balanced life style.

Each and everyone of us has a peek time and a time when we slow down, these are our natural cycles. We should be able to tell when to do the difficult tasks when we are the sharpest.

Learning to say “No”. You actually see this advice often. Heed it even if it involves saying the word to family or friends.

Pat yourself at the back or just reward yourself in any manner for an effective time management result.

Try and get the cooperation from people around you who are actually benefiting from your efforts of time management.

Don’t procrastinate. Attend to necessary things immediately.

Have a positive attitude and set yourself up for success. But be realistic in your approach in achieving your goals.

Have a record or journal of all your activities. This will help you get things in their proper perspective.

These are the few steps you initially take in becoming a well rounded individual.

As the say personal time management is the art and science of building a better life.

From the moment you integrate into your life time management skills, you have opened several options that can provide a broad spectrum of solutions to your personal growth. It also creates more doors for opportunities to knock on.

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how does each individual's personal attributes lead to differing amounts of situation awareness?
Knowledge Management

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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Time Management Will Help Reduce Stess

Time management is basically about being focused. The Pareto Principle, also known as the ’80:20 Rule’, states that 80% of efforts that are not time managed or unfocused generates only 20% of the desired output.

However, 80% of the desired output can be generated using only 20% of a well time managed effort.

Although the ratio ’80:20′ is only arbitrary, it is used to put emphasis on how much is lost or gained. r />

Some people view time management as a list of rules that involves scheduling of appointments, goal settings, thorough planning, creating to do lists and prioritizing.

From the moment you the integrate skills used to manage your time into your life, you have opened several options that can provide a broad spectrum of solutions to your personal growth and create more doors for opportunities to knock upon.

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A brief demonstration of Matt’s PersonalBrain. PersonalBrain is Knowledge Management Software from TheBrain Technologies … matt caton matt’s personal brain thebrain personalbrain knowledge management software mind mapping maps

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What should i do ? (Project Management Knowledge)?
Hello every one, Can any one help me out?
since my first job i have been working as programmer to developer. by education i am 10th fail in gujarati medium of a govt. institute in india. by my own knowledge i am able to work on professional projects and development. in my last job i was working in abroad country for development job there was nobody at the starting time and i did all the projects and start their business from the begining. After company brought new staff to make work more professionally and teamwork, they promote me and give a project manager job to decide projects and planing. now days for my personal problems i leave my job after working as project manager for 2 years. now from my resume its indicate project manager experience.
i need to know what should i study to get project management knowledge theoretically, Is there any way to study from books or online courses ?

Thanks in Advance.

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Lou and Robin Bonaventura have been Professional Network Marketers for 4 years. Are you serious, motivated and trainable? If so, we want to hear from you right away: request an immediate interview! Also visit our Blogfor more information on how personal development can benefit you!

With the rise of consumerism, overspending is a major problem even with the people who have an average income. Because of this, most people are now in deep debt burden. It is worsened mainly because a lot of people have little or no knowledge about how to manage their finances. If you take financial management seriously, you would get a lot of benefits by personally controlling your finances. Below are some ideas that will advise you on how to manage personal finances.

The Credit Card Approach

The most popular way of getting credit is through credit cards. Credit cards are very easy to use and you can acquire it without any hassles. You just select any item and then bring it to the cashier and use your card to purchase it. Without carrying any cash, people are encourage to spend without realizing that every swipe of the card will be charge to the card user’s account. Always keep in mind that every use of the card will bring more debt.

Good financial management always means that you take necessary precautions to avoid credit card debts. You should always use the credit card when only necessary and there are no other alternatives. Also, spend only the desired amount when purchasing using your credit card. Keep in mind that credit card companies starts charging penalties on accounts that are over due. This will eventually add up to your debt and will make the situation worst.

You should shop around first before applying for credit card. Always choose the credit card company that charges the least interest rate. Having a low interest rate will give you good savings for other expenses.

What about Debit Card?

One good approach is the use of the debit cards. Debit cards allow you to limit your purchasing amount which is equal to the account. Hence, debit cards have embedded protection against any forms of overspending and eventual loss of control over unnecessary spending.

The Essence of Personal Loans

One source of financial assistance is the personal loans. If personal loans are used constructively, it will give you financial security. If taking personal loans only for the purpose of spending more money that you don’t, it will only fasten your financial decline. If you choose this type of approach, then you should minimize loan cost whenever possible. Always avail personal loans that provide low interest rates so that you can save as much money as you can.

Practice Self Control

You should exchange the habit of too much spending for a habit of wise savings to have financial control. If you have enough money then there is no need for any financial assistance that will push your debt to the limit. Always keep in mind that wise financial management means spending only to what is necessary and should only belong to what is on the budget.

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From TheBrain Technologies Big Thinker Web Series: The Knowledge Web Everything’s connected. All you have to do is see the links. Watch a special web event with best selling author and famous historian James Burke.

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What are some interesting jobs in Management Information Systems/Information Technology?
I'm clueless about jobs in the MIS field. What can you do with an MIS degree? Please share any examples, knowledge, or personal experience. Thanks!

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Ace Smith is a prolific writer touching base on topics like Technology, Travel, Health and others. For more information you can drop by his web sites that deals with: Credit & Finance , Africa and Jewelry.

Knowledge Capital

Every business requires people, and it how you keep your key people that matters. You could lose every tangible asset-furniture, fixtures, buildings, cars, files, computers, and everything else-but as long as you kept your key personnel, you could be back in business again tomorrow, generating sales and making profits.

There are three types of knowledge that a business needs to survive and thrive. Personal knowledge, company knowledge, and market knowledge.

Personal knowledge is the specific knowledge, skills, education, background, experience, training, and core competencies that an individual owns and takes with her from place to place. The ability to write, to speak publicly, negotiate, to sell, to make presentations, to type, to prepare final statements, and so on, are all forms of personal intellectual capital. The more of these kinds of knowledge and skills that are relevant to your business a person has, the more valuable that person can be.

The process of interviewing and selection, as well as delegation, supervision, and promotion, revolves around the determination and deployment of these core skills.

The second type of knowledge is the knowledge of your specific company. This form of intellectual capital is very valuable. This includes knowledge about the processes and procedures within your business, the key personalities and their relationships to each other, your products and services and how they are developed, sold, and delivered, and all the other unique factors and features that make your business different from any other.

When a person works for a business for any time, that person absorbs an enormous amount of valuable information about how the business functions. This heightened knowledge and awareness has a real value. If you lose a person who is intimately familiar with many aspects of your business the cost of hiring and training a new individual to the same level of competence can be very high.

The third type of intellectual capital is specific knowledge about the market, your customers, and your competitors; and about your products and services, and the way they are marketed, sold and delivered. The kind of customer and market knowledge can be of inestimable value in the competitive market place. The longer a salesperson, for example works for a company, the more valuable he becomes in terms of his network of contacts and his intimate knowledge of customers-who they are, where they are, why they buy, and the various buying influences that operate on them.

Not long ago, a client company of my friend brought in a new controller who has been entrusted with the function of cost reduction. The controller glanced over the payroll and arbitrarily decided that the top salesman was earning too much money and insisted the corporate office that the commission of the salesman be cut, his territory be reduced, and several of his major clients be turned into “house accounts.”

The salesman concerned represented about 40 percent of the total sales of this medium-sized manufacturing company. When they told him that they were going to cut his commissions and cut his territories, thereby reducing his income by more than 50 percent he protested. He was of the opinion that he has with the company for more than 12 years and has taken a lot of pains in building his customer base.

The company refused to listen and they were of the opinion that the customers belonged to the company and not to him. The customer’s loyalty shall therefore be towards the organization and towards their products and services. Hence they felt that there is no reason for the company to pay such exorbitant money to service accounts. They categorically stated that if you’re not happy with these new arrangements, you can go somewhere else.

The salesman tried to reason with the management, but to no avail. Finally, he quit the organization and walked across the street to their major competitor, taking all the accounts, references with him. His old company’s sales dropped by about 40 percent the following year. They almost went bankrupt. They had no idea that the relationship between the salesman and his customers was perhaps the most valuable form of intellectual capital in the entire company.

The object of elaborating this point is that any employee who possesses personal knowledge, company knowledge and market knowledge is indispensable and the management at all costs has to ensure that he is taken care of. One needs to have more of these kinds of employees rather than having employees being filled against vacant positions. Such employees do not only add value to themselves but add immeasurable value to the organization, society and country at large.

The said article has been written by Mr. Iyer Subramanian. E Mail: iyerpdkgnm@yahoo.com, Cell no. 9892523163.

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Visit www.thebrain.com for more information on PersonalBrain. PersonalBrain is Knowledge Management Software for Thinkers. This demo will show you how to easily import and export outline structures with PersonalBrain 4.5. … computer electronics gadget knowledge management thebrain personal brain mind mapping

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What do you have to do to become a personal trainer?
I'm trying to find my life's calling. I'm very athletic and have been for a long time. I eat healthy. By talking to others, I've noticed that I'm much more knowledgable in the field of nutrition, weight management, and fitness than most people. All the knowledge I've gained is from living the lifestyle and a desire within me to live healthy. I'd like to help others achieve their fitness goals. What does it take to become a personal trainer?
Thanks

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My name is Iyer Subramanian. My qualifications are as under. Bachelor of Arts, Diploma in Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, Diploma in Labor Laws & Labor Welfare, Diploma in HRM, Diploma in Training & Development.

I have around 25 years of experience in HR and write for Express Hospitality, Hospitalitybiz, Business Manager regularly on HR.